Namei as Rodent Killer

   
Abstract

Namei is a root crops that contain a poisonous substance, this root crops is abundant in Occidental Mindoro, the texture and shape are the same as sweet potato with a yellowish color, the vines are full of thorn.

Namie Rat Killer is a quick acting, easy-to-use rodenticide used as additives in baits to control field rats, mice and other harmful rodents. It can be used in open dumps, as torpedo baits as well as in fields of rice, corn, sugar cane and other crops.

Objectives

To create an economical and effective rodents pesticide in a rural area and also help protect the environment by creating a product that is natural and available for free or can be brought at a low price.

Methodology

Ingredients

2 Namei Rot Crops

Materials:

Knife
Piece of Plywood
Mortal and Pestle
Gloves
Wooden Spoon

Procedure:

1. Cut the Namei in small and very thin layer.
2. After you slice it, you need to dry it, put in on the piece of plywood and place it under the direct ray of sun for one week / seven days. From morning until sunset.
3. Since it contains toxic you need to put in a safe place and constantly monitor it to avoid any untoward incidents.
4. After the seven days or one week of drying check if the pieces are brittle.
5. Use mortal and pestle to pulverize the Namei until it becomes powder.

Results and discussion

How to use these products

Pre-baiting – Prepare crushed rice, corn, dried fish or any foodstuff relished by rats. Place ½ teaspoon of the bait on Banana Leaves where rats regularly frequent or near their burrows. Pre-baiting may be continued for 2 days to ensure acceptance of the bait.

Poisoned baits – use the same materials as used in the pre-baiting. Mix thoroughly 2 – 3 grams powder of Namei rat killer with every 100 grams of bait materials. Put the poisoned baits in places where rats have eaten the poison-free baits. Be sure to put the poisoned baits at night in place where it can not be reached by domestic animals. The poison baiting will be for one day only. Remove and bury all leftovers. If rat nuisance reoccurs, carry out similar baiting procedure after 2 weeks.

Advantage and Disadvantage

Advantages:

It can save you money and most of all its good for environment since the product are natural.

Disadvantages:

Since it is toxic you need to be very careful in handling and storing to avoid accidentally being swallowed, inhaled or absorb through the skin, it may cause harmful side effect or even death.

Warning:

This product is harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

Precaution:

Namei Rat Killer can causes death when inhaled or swallowed. Avoid handling with bare hands. Use rubber gloves or wooden spoon. In case of skin contact wash the affected area immediately.

Storage and Disposal:

Store in a sealed container and place it in dry, well-built, well-lit and ventilated rooms/premises with sufficient dimensions to avoid other contamination with other materials or products, especially food supply and keep under lock and key. Remove destroy and bury all empty containers, surplus material, left over baits and animals killed by Namei Rat Killer far away from human habitation so as to prevent environment/water pollution and protect scavenging birds and animals.

Conclusions

Using the Namei as a rat killer is proven effective and economical and environment friendly.


Recommendations

Need further study to improve the product.

Bibliography

Namei – is a kind of root crops that contain a poisonous substance. This kind of root crops is abundant in Occidental Mindoro. This root crops is like a potato, it’s color yellow.

Pesticide from Radish Extract

Introductions:

A. Background of the Study

Radish is an annual herb widely grown for its edible fleshy, hot tasting roots maybe red, white or purple. Every part of the root or the plant can be used in different ways. The leaves and the roots are eaten raw in salads. Likewise, it can be cooked or mix with meat to satisfactory attain its delicious taste. Aside from food, it is dried for juice extraction.

Radishes were probably native to China. It was developed from a live plant that grows in the cooler region of Asia. It spread to the Mediterranean region before the Greek era and was introduced into the new world early in the 16th century. Radishes grow in Asia, Europe and America. It was the favorite of the ancient Egyptians, Greek and Chinese.

There is a little food value in the radish. It is use chiefly as a relish or to decorate salads. Radishes are the easiest of all garden vegetables to grow, but they should be given in a good rich soil. The first seed must be sown as soon as the ground is workable and not too cold for the seed to germinate.

B. Objectives

To produce pesticide out of radish extract.

C. Statement of the Problem
What is the effect of radish extract as pesticide on certain pests?

D. Hypothesis
There is no significant difference in using this natural pesticide from radish extract.

E. Importance of the Study
In choosing this project, we wanted to contribute knowledge in maintaining the good health of vegetable plants by using a pesticide out of radish extract. It maybe helpful in livelihood by producing good crops. The harvest can be sold to market as an additional income. It can also minimize the number of planters who used chemical which are found distractive to the environment.

F. Scope and Limitation

This study focused on the utilization of the extract from radish as pesticide against different kind of pests like worms, ants and aphids. Experimentation was done in our backyard and was applied in affected Guyabano plants and sugar apple fruit.

G. Review of Related Literature.

Radish, Raphanus sativus, belongs to the cabbage family, rassicaeae. It is grown for its fleshy root, which varies in sizes from the few grams of popular red American and European varieties to the one or more kilograms of the Japanese white or draikon.

There are two kinds of radish, one is planted for its crops and the other for its leaves and roots. Some varieties include Japanese radish, a big and long late harvest radish; and the China radish which is fine smooth and white. The latter is productive and has a moderate length of time for harvest. The icicle radish is white, early harvested and its long with small roots. Planters can harvest the plant in 60 days and other can harvest within 100 days from planting.

METHODOLOGY

Materials:

Mortar and Pestle

Empty Bottle sprayer

Clean cloth / katas

Knife

Bowl

1 kg Radish tubers

1 L pure radish extract

250 ml of 1:2 proportions, extract to water

250 ml of 1:1 proportion

250 ml of 2:1 proportion

Procedure:

Prepare all the materials needed

1. Collect one kg. of radish tubers
2. Wash them to remove dirt
3. Slice into small pieces
4. Pound it by using a mortar and pestle
5. Put in a clean cloth. Get the extract
6. Add enough amount of water to the extract in a ration of 1:1, 1:2; and 2:1 respectively.
7. Place each mixture in a sprayer bottle and applied into aphid, ant, worm affected sugar apple and guyabano plants.
8. Try several trials to determine the more effective proportion.
9. Record your observation.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Table 1

Observation on the insecticidal effect of radish extract in certain pests

Trial Proportion Volume Length of Number of Insects

Extraction ML Application Worms Ants Aphids

Mean
1 pure 250 10 10 10 all found in one fruit
2 2:1 250 10 10 10 all found in one fruit 10
3 1:1 250 10 10 10 all found in one fruit 10
4 1:2 250 10 10 10 all found in one fruit 10
Table 2

Insecticidal effect of radish extract

Trial Number of Insects Killed Percentage

              Worms   Ants     Aphids   Worm    Ants   Aphids
1              10         10         half         100      100       50
2                1           2        none          10        20         0
3                0           0        none            0          0         0
4                0           0        none            0          0         0

Explanation

It reveals that pure radish extract is more effective rather that when water was added to it. It is 100% effective in worms and ants, and 50% effective in aphids. This shows that the radish extract is very effective in killing certain pests.

Findings:

After several experimentations, we found out that pure 100% radish extract when applied to aphid, worms, and ants is an effective pesticide. This pesticide can minimize the number of people who used chemical found and to affect our health and environment.

Conclusion:

Based on the data gathered. We therefore conclude the following:
1. The radish extract can be used as pesticide.
2. Pure radish extract is effective in killing certain pests.

Recommendation:

We recommended a more experimentations about radish extract must be done to improve the quality of the product.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

De Padua, Ludivina S.; Lugod, Gregorio C.; Pancho, Juan V.; Handbook of Philippine Medical Plants Volume 1; College of Science and Humanities University of Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna; Documentation and information Section Office of the Director of Research, University of the Philippine, Los Baños; 1977

Maramba, Nelia P.; Saludez, Jerry D.; Guide Book on the Proper Use of Medicinal Plants; Bicutan, Taguig Metro Manila; National Science and Technology Authority; 1982

Reyes, Angelica G.; Jovita G.; Santiago, Florenda I.; Philippine Plants; Philippine Christian University, Dela Salle University; St. Paul College Manila; University of the Philippine; 1985

Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2003

Natural Dyes from Plants in Producing Colored Paste

Abstract:

Paste is a type of glue made from starch or dextrin, a starch product. This investigatory project shows that we can produce our own colored paste without spending much time and money and by performing simple steps. That’s why this Science Investigatory Project can help students save their money instead of spending it in buying expensive and commercialized colored glue. In addition, this colored paste can be an additional source of income. It’s not just affordable; it’s also safe and non-toxic because the ingredients used are starch, water, natural dyes from plants and alum. Alum is used as preservative to prolong the shelf-life of the paste. Natural dyes from plants like Annatto seeds, mayana and turmeric were tested as coloring for this paste. We can also use other coloring from plants by researching and do further study to improve the quality of this colored paste.


Introduction:

Background of the Study:

Nowadays our country has big problem about our economy. Everyone to solve it, but what do you think are the possible ways to prevent his crisis? I suggest that being practical is one of the solution to this problem. As students, we can be practical by using our knowledge instead of wasting our money. These projects do not need much time and money because we can make our own colored paste within a short period of time. The basic ingredients are water, alum, natural dye from plants and cassava starch. Starch glue is the general name for adhesives made from wheat, starch, potato starch, cornstarch or cassava starch modified with acids, alkalies or oxidizing agents. I used alum in this project to prolong the shelf life of the paste and also to let the paste not to be spoiled easily. The coloring that we used in this experiment is the seeds of Annatto (BIXA ORELLANA Linn). The seeds of the Annatto are used locally for coloring food. The coloring matter of the fruit, Annatto is employed commercially for coloring butter and in preparation of various polishers for russet leather. I also tested the roots of turmeric (Curcuma Longa Linn.) as coloring. The rhizomes of turmeric, or dilau, are commonly sold in the Manila markets, and are used as a condiment as ingredients of curry powder, and for coloring food and other materials.


Statement of the Problem:

This study sought to answer the following problems:

1. Can we produce colored paste out of cassava starch, water, alum and natural dyes from plants like Annatto seeds, mayana and roots of turmeric?
2. Is the proposed paste safe to use?
3. What is the best preservative that can be used in the colored paste?


Hypothesis:

1. We can produce colored paste out of cassava starch, natural dyes from plants like Annatto seeds, mayana and roots of turmeric, alum and water.
2. The proposed paste is safe to use.
3. Alum is the best preservative for colored paste.


Significance of the Study:

The significance of the study I that we can produce colored paste without wasting much time and money. For example, your house is very far from the bookstore and there is no available colored glue in the store near to your house and you need to design a birthday card. You can produce colored paste instead of traveling very far from your house to the bookstore just to buy expensive colored glues. This project can help not only students but also those who don’t have permanent job because it can be additional source of income.


Objective of the Study:

The objectives of this study are:

1. To make a cheaper colored paste.
2. To make a non toxic and safe paste.
3. To lessen the burden of the students who undergo financial difficulties on how to budget their money.


Scope and Delimitations:

This Study has the following scope and delimitations:

1. This study used only Annatto seeds, mayana and turmeric as the coloring.

In my first experiment, I used the leaves of mayana as coloring but the color varied after one day. I have already tried to use flowers as coloring but the paste hardens because I put it in the jar without waiting for it to cool.

2. This is produced only to have instant colored paste.


Review of Related Literature:

Starch may be further processed into such products as dextrin.

Starch glue is the general name for adhesives made from wheat starch, potato starch, or cassava starch modified with acids, alkalies, or oxidizing agents, it has poor resistance to moisture.

Commercial is obtained from the starch of tapioca, maize and sweet potatoes.

The halogen elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) also serve as oxidizing agents. When chloride combines with sodium chloride or common salt, the sodium atoms give up electron to the chloride atoms.

A salt is derived from an acid when one or more hydrogen atoms of the acid are replaced by one or more metal ions positively charged radicals.

Alkalies are usually salts or hydroxide of sodium potassium, lithium or ammonia.

The seeds of the Annatto tree are used locally for coloring food. The coloring matter of the fruit, Annatto, is employed commercially for coloring butter and in the preparation of various polishers for russet leather.

The rhizomes of turmeric, or dilau, are commonly sold in Manila markets, and are used as condiments as an ingredients of curry powder, and for coloring food and other materials.

Turmeric is one of the best-known material dyes. Being used for dyeing silk, wool and cotton.

Alumina is used to make abrasive and high-temperature refraction’s, ceramics and glass.

Heated Alumina has a porous structure that easily absorbs moisture and vapors.

Alumina compounds produce alums are used for waterproofing fabrics and as the antiperspirant commercial deodorant.



Definition of Terms:

Paste – a type of glue made from starch or dextrin, a starch product.

Dextrin – a gummy substance used primarily in making adhesives.

Rhizomes – a fleshy horizontal underground stem of some perennial herbs.

Alkali – in chemistry, alkali generally refers to any strongly basic compound.

Annatto – (BIXA ORELLANA Linn) English name: Annatto tagalong name: Atsuete.

Alum – any of a group of compounds that contain the sulfates of two different

Metals – aluminum is often of the metals – and water of hydration.


Methodology:

Materials and Equipment to be used:

* Casserole                   * Cassava starch
* Bowl                          * Alum (tawas)
* Stove                         * Natural dye
* Mortar and Pestle       * Strainer


Procedures:

First you must prepare all the materials needed. After preparing, extract the coloring. If you will use leaves, extract it by sleeping it into half cup of hot water. If roots of turmeric will be used as coloring, grind it in the mortar and pestle then cover with half cup of hot water. And if you will use Annatto seeds, extract it by covering with half cup of hot water. After extracting separate the dye from the solid particles by pouring it to the strainer. Add 2 teaspoon of alum into the coloring in a bowl. Add 3 teaspoon of cassava starch. Heat the casserole in the stove and pour the solution if the casserole is already hot. Stir until it becomes sticky. If it is sticky enough remove the casserole in the stove and wait for it to cool. If it hot anymore, you can transfer it in the container.

Data to be controlled:

This study needs only to produce a colored paste that is why no data will be collected. This only need to describe the product produced.


Presentation and Analysis of Data:

1. Observation in Coloring Used

Coloring Used                               Observation

Annatto seeds                           The color did not fade
Mayana leaves                          The color faded after 1 day
Roots of Turmeric                     The color did not fade

The table shows that Annatto seeds and roots of Turmeric can be used to produce colored paste. The mayana leaves can be used but faded after one day.

2. Observations in Preservatives used to prolong the shelf life of the paste.


Preservatives Observations

Alum (tawas) Still sticky after four days and not spoiled yet dries up easily.
Oil Spoiled after one day
Salt Less sticky after four days not spoiled yet. Do not drive up easily

The table shows that tawas or alum is the best preservative for colored paste.


Summary:

We can produce colored paste by using cassava starch, water, alum and natural dyes from plants. Alum is the best preservative for paste. In this project, Annatto seeds and roots of turmeric plant was the best coloring. Through this Science Investigatory Project, we can produce affordable and safe paste because the ingredients used were not having toxic chemicals. This project can be an additional source of income for those who don’t have permanent job. And also, it can help students to produce their own paste instead of buying high priced and commercialized colored glues.


Conclusion:

After the study had been done, the following conclusions were made.

1. We can produce a colored paste out of natural dyes from Annatto seeds, mayana leaves and roots of turmeric.
2. The produced paste is safe to use since it does not contain any toxic chemicals.
3. The tawas or alum is the best preservative for colored paste.


Recommendation:

The following recommendation was given

1. Perform further study in producing other color of the colored paste using other plants.
2. Test other preservatives to lengthen the shelf life of the colored paste.
3. Do further study to improve the quality of the colored paste made.

Investigatory Project Title

 
Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component of Candle

Cassava starch as an effective component for Ideal Biodegradable Plastic

Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants

Cogon Grass Cardboard Food Packaging

Used Cooking Oil as Subtitute to Diesel

Alternative Methods of Producing Iodized Salt

Mechanical Chalkdust Dispenser

Wastepaper and Coir with Okra Mucilage

Potential Use of Oyster Shells in Ceramic Production

Seaweed Chips Nutritional Snack Food

Styrofoam as alternative scented glue

Orange skin as bacterial cleaner

Apple peeling as a mosquito repelant spray

Kaymito Leaves Decoction As Antiseptic Mouthwash

Bignay as cure for Urinary Track Infection

   

“The effect of antidesma bunius extract to a person with urinary track infection”

Abstract:

       Urinary tract infections are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year.   Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body.  Women are especially prone to UTIs for reasons that are not yet well understood. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. UTIs in men are not as common as in women but can be very serious when they do occur.

       This research project shows that we can produce a herbal medicine out of Bignay fruits for Urinary track infections.   That we can produce this particular medicine with limited financial cost and little of our time.   Because this particular remedy are made of natural fruit extract from bignay (antidesma bunius), it is safe to use. The fruit extract of this fruit has a cytotoxic properties,   which could help for person with urinary track infections and other intestinal problems.

II – Introduction:

Background of the Study

    With the world now facing global recession, economy is always a big issue.  Government spend considerable amount of money to solve it, but what do you think is a possible and easiest way to prevent this crisis?  During this crisis, health is always a wealth.  But sometimes health related problems cannot be avoided, and medicine are not cheap.  But there are always another side of the story, good news is that the use of herbal supplements for medicinal purposes has increased dramatically over the past years.  If used correctly, many herbs are considered safer than conventional medications. 

    The researcher will try to create herbel remedy for Urinary Track Infection using the extract of the natural fruit of Bignay, antidesma bunius as scientific name, that contains cytotoxicity to help person with urinary track infections.

Statement of the Problem:

This study sought to answer the following problems:

1. Can we produce a herbal medicine out of the extract of the natural fruits of bignay for a person with urinary tract infections?
2. Is the herbal medicine safe to use?
3. What are the components of bignay extract that contains enzyme that can help a person with urinary track infections.

Hypothesis:

1. We can produce a herbal medicine out of extract of the natural fruits of bignay for a person with urinary track infections.
2. The herbal medicine is safe to use.
3. Cytotoxicity can help a person with urinary track infections and the fruit of bignay contains it.

Significance of the Study:

    We can produce herbal medicine for person with urinary track infections with limited financial cost and little of our time.   If it happens that you have a tree of bignay or in your neighborhood, you can produce a herbal medicine for urinary track infections, instead of buying some expensive commercial medicine for that particulary sickness.  This research are focus to help anybody to cure urinary track infections.

Objective of the Study:

The objectives of this study are:

1. To make a herbal medicine with the use of bignay fruit extract.
2. To make a non toxic and safe herbal medicine.
3. To lessen the burden of the people who have urinary track infections.

Scope and Delimitation:

1.  This study used only natural fruits of bignay as the herbal medicine.

2.  This is only produced to have a herbal medicine for urinary tract infections and other intestinal problems.

III – Review of Related Literature:

    Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) as define by the Wikipedia.org is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. Although urine contains a variety of fluids, salts, and waste products, it usually does not have bacteria in it.  When bacteria get into the bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they cause a UTI. The most common type of UTI is a bladder infection which is also often called cystitis. Another kind of UTI is a kidney infection, known as pyelonephritis, and is much more serious.

    According to the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC), Urinary Tract Infections are serious health problem affecting millions of people each year.  Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body.  Urinary Track Infections (UTIs) account for about 8.3 million doctor visit each year.  Women are especially prone to UTIs for reasons that are not yet well understood.   One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime.  UTIs in men are not as common as in women but can be very serious when they do occur.

What are the causes of UTI?

    Normally, urine is sterile.  It is usually free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi but does contain fluids, salts, and waste products.  An infection occurs when tiny organisms usually bacteria from the digestive tract cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply.  Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the colon.  Microorganisms called Chlamydia and Mycoplasma may also cause UTIs in both men and women, but these infections tend to remain limited to the urethra and reproductive system.

Who is at risk?

    Some people are more prone to getting a UTI than others.  People with diabetes have a higher risk of a UTI because of changes in the immune system. Any other disorder that suppress the immune system raises the risk of a urinary infection.  UTIs may occur in infants, both boys and girls, who are born with abnormalities of the urinary tract, which sometimes need to be corrected with surgery. UTIs are more rare in boys and young men.  In adult women though, the rate of UTIs gradually increase with age.   

IV – Materials and Methods

Materials and Equipment to be used:

• Bowl / Glass    
• Bignay fruit
• Spoon    
• Strainer

Procedures:

    Prepare all the materials needed.  Wash the fruit of bignay and remove the seed by using the strainer.  Then, get one teaspoon of the extract and drink it, you can also make a juice by using this extract.  Drink it three times a day, after every meal.

V – Results and Discussion:

Taste of extracted bignay            Observation
Pure extract                                      Sour
With water                                         Less sour
With Sugar                                         Sweet

    According to the table above, it shows that the pure extract of  bignay (antidesma bunius) has a sour taste, and it will taste less sour if you add water, and if you want to it to be undemanding to swallow then you can add some sugar.

Conclusion:

    After the study had been done, the following conclusion were made;

1. We can produce a herbal medicine out of the extract of natural fruits of bignay for the person with urinary track infections.

2. The herbal medicine is safe to use.

3. The extract of bignay contains cytotoxicity, it can help the person with urinary track infection.

Recommendation:

    The following recommendation were given;

1. Use extract of bignay to help you to your problem about intestinal problems, like urinary track infections.

2. Do further study to improve the quality of herbal medicine made.

References:

         http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/urinary_tract_infection

         http://www.filipinoheritage.com/food/fruits/bignay.htm

         http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudseases/pubs/utiadult/index.htm.

         http://www.desert-tropicals.com/plants/euphorbiaceae/antidesma_bunius.html

Investigatory Project created by CEP students

Aloe Vera Extract as hair grower and Sampaguita as fragrant

Abstract:

          Hair loss is a problem that faces millions of people, including men, women and even children.  Aloe Vera has been used by many different cultures to stimulate hair growth, and it is safe, natural and affordable. It’s no secret that Aloe Vera is good for your hair and scalp.  If you are suffering from excessive hair loss, reducing the amount of chemicals you put in your hair is an important first step.

          Use aloe Vera gel to treat the areas of the scalp that are going bald. Aloe Vera contains an enzyme that helps promote new hair growth for some people. The gel can be applied directly to the scalp, as aloe Vera typically has no side effects.

          Sampaguita, the national flower of the Philippines, It’s fragrance can be a bit cloying in a small space like an automobile, hanging from the rear-view mirror… but out in a natural setting like a garden, an occasional whiff of sweet scent drifting over from a large flowering bush is most pleasant, the researcher will use the Sampaguita extract as a fragrant to Aloe Vera extract.

Introduction:

          Long before modern medicines and Western curative methods herbal medicines had been widely used in the Philippines. The use of herbal supplements for medicinal purposes has increased dramatically over the past years. If used correctly, many herbs are considered safer than conventional medications.

          During this time of economic crisis, it’s time to circle the wagons and consider some measures to carry on. This investigatory project is intended to use Aloe Vera extract as a hair grower and Sampaguita flower extract as fragrant. Using this plants which is easy to find in the neighborhood the researcher will create a hair grower which is cheap and easy, and of course herbal.

Significance of the Study:

          The researcher will aim to produce a hair grower without spending money and just a little of a time. People with hair loss will benefit from this study, not only it will help them treat hair problem it will also help them save money by not spending much on a commercially produce hair grow product in the market, which also reduce the amount of chemical that they put on their scalp. On the other hand it will also help them reap some additional income if they decided to sell some for the other.

Statement of the Problem:

This study should answer the following problems:

Does the experiment work?
What will happen if we combine the extract of Sampaguita and aloe Vera.
Can we really produce a hair grower out of aloe Vera and Sampaguita as a fragrant?

Hypothesis:

          The experiment proves to be successful, in a fact that curative effects of this herb has been handed down from generation to generation by the traditional healers. Since the Aloe Vera extract are proven to be effective it will encourage more people to use it if the smell is also good, and we achieve that by using Sampaguita flower extract as fragrant.  

          We can produce a hair grower out of Aloe Vera and Sampaguita flower extract.

Objective of the Study:

The objectives of the study are:

To make hair grower cost-effective.
To make a safe and herbal hair grower.
To help people with hair lost problem.

Methodology:

Materials and equipments to be used.

• Bowl
• Mortar & Pestle / Almeres 
• Bottle or Glass
• Strainer / Cotton cloth
• Sampaguita
• Aloe Vera

Procedure:

          Place the Aloe Vera leaves in the mortar (bowl) in small quantities; Use some downward pressure over the leaves with the pestle (pounder); Turn the pestle in a circular motion around the mortar, maneuvering it back and forth with a bit of pressure over still unbroken pieces. Use the strainer or a clean cotton cloth to get the Aloe Vera extract, repeat the procedure again for the Sampaguita flower, then put some Sampaguita extract on Aloe Vera extract in accordance to the desired scent. Put it in a clean bottle for future use. To use, just rub it on an area where you want hair to grow.

Scope and Delimitations:

This study has the following scopes and delimitations.

          This study only used aloe Vera and Sampaguita. In our observations, the aloe Vera is very effective as a hair grower. The effect seems to be effective after weeks of use, but immediately after you apply on the scalp, you will feel that the area are thicker than the untreated area of a scalp.

Sampaguita flower extract is used as a fragrant.
Producing Aloe Vera extract as cheep and safe alternative hair grower.

Review of Related Literature:

          According to ehealthMD the medical term for hair loss is alopecia, there are different classification of alopecia, alopecia areata, is a disease in which well-defined bald patches occur. Alopecia totalis, is an uncommon condition in which all hair on the scalp is lost. The cause is unknown. Alopecia universalis, is a total loss of hair on all parts of the body. Androgenetic alopecia is balding caused by heredity. Most people routinely lose between 70 and 150 hairs from their scalp each day, mainly through washing, brushing and combing, scalp hair starts to thin when more hair are lost through normal shedding that the scalp is able to renew. About 40% of the density of scalp hair has to be lost before thinning of the hair becomes noticeable.

Hair loss can be caused by:

          Heredity. Most balding is caused by a genetic predisposition – in other words it’s part of a person’s genetic makeup. The sometimes, illness, certain physical conditions, or their treatments. This can include high fever, thyroid disease, childbirth, inadequate protein in the diet, iron deficiency, cancer treatments, the use of certain medications, and other causes.

As remedy

          Aloe Vera : According to ezinearticles.com, Aloe Vera has been used by Native Americans, Indians and many in the Caribbean to promote healthy hair and prevent hair loss. Aloe's can help the scalp by healing it and balancing the pH level of the scalp while cleansing the pores. A common preparation of Aloe Vera gel with a small amount of wheat germ oil and coconut milk is used as a shampoo and has traditionally shown great benefit.

Fragrant

          Sampaguita : Juvy (author of the http://theflowerexpert.com) say, It's known by a million other names: Jasmine sambac, Arabian jasmine, pikake, mogra, kampupot, melati, mallipu…but to me, that flower is Sampaguita, and I refuse to know it by any other name. Sampaguita is considered as a symbol of fidelity, purity, devotion, strength and dedication. In the Philippines, the Sampaguita is called by various names: sambac, sampaguna, campopot, lumabi, kulatai, pongo, malur and manul. The name Sampaguita is a Spanish term that comes from the Filipino words “sumpa kita,” which mean “I promise you.”

Definitions and Terms:

Aloe Vera – Aloe vera (syn A. barbadensis Mill., A. vulgaris Lam.) is a species of Aloe, native to northern Africa. It is a stemless or very short-stemmed succulent plant growing to 80-100 cm tall, spreading by offsets and root sprouts. The leaves are lanceolate, thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with a serrated margin. The flowers are produced on a spike up to 90 cm tall, each flower pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 2-3 cm long..

Sampaguita – It is an evergreen vine or shrub reaching up to 1-3 m tall. The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three, simple (not pinnate, like most other jasmines), ovate, 4-12.5 cm long and 2-7.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in clusters of 3-12 together, strongly scented, with a white corolla 2-3 cm diameter with 5-9 lobes. The flowers open at night, and close in the morning. The fuit is a purple-black berry 1 cm in diameter.

Data to be Collected:

          This study only needs to produce hair grower out of Aloe Vera and Sampaguita extract, so no data will be collected. It only needs to describe the procedure.

Conclusion:

After the study had been done, the following conclusion was made.

          We can make a hair grower out of aloe Vera and Sampaguita extract.

The produced hair grower is safe to use for the reason that it doesn’t contain any chemical.
The Sampaguita is one of the finest flowers to make the hair grower smell good.

Recommendation:

The following recommendation was given.

1. Test other flowers extract as fragrant on your hair grower.
2. 
   
   Study all about hair lost and the effect of herbal hair grower.
3. Do further study to improve the quality of the hair grower produced.

References:

          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aloe_vera

          http:// www.ehealthmd.com/library/hairloss/hl_whatis.html

          http://sniffapaloozamagazine.com/articles.html

          http://ezinearticles.com/?natural-hair-lost-remedies&id=7931

          http://theflowerexpert.com/content/aboutflowers/tropicalflowers/sampaguita

Investigatory Project created by CEP students

Purify Water Using Recycled Plastic Bottle and the Sun

   
Example of Investigatory Project

Abstract

 What is water purification?

          According to Wikipedia “it is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological contaminants from raw water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water) … …In general the methods used include physical process such as filtration and sedimentation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or activated sludge, chemical process such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.”

          Among the methods mentioned above, the most and probably the cheapest way to clean water is using ultraviolet light, since we are using recycled plastic bottle, it is appropriate that we use also a renewable source of energy which is probably the most available of them all, the “SUN”.

Title

Purify Water Using Recycled Plastic Bottle and the Sun

Statement of problems/objectives

 General

 To be able to purify water using recycled materials and renewable source of energy.

 Specific

1. Is it possible to purify water using recycled plastic bottle?
2. Can we use the sun as the source of energy?
3. Is it safe for human consumption?

Methodology

Materials/Equipment

1. 2 pcs Recycled Plastic Water Bottle
2. Short tube
3. Any kind of tape that is water proof, (mask, duct, pack)
4. A sunny day.

Procedure

          Clean 1 of the bottle, no need to clean the other one, since it will hold the dirty water that we will be purified. (if you want you can clean it too).  Punch a hole in the two (2) bottle cap, to accommodate the tube, then tape both cap on each end, making sure that they are water tight.  Then take one (1) of the bottle and fill it up with dirty water, put the cap, tape it to make sure it doesn’t leak.  Put the other cap on the clean bottle, tape it also.  Place the bottle with dirty water in an area where sun is shining; make sure that it is lower than the clean bottle.  You should cover the clean bottle from the sun, making sure that it will not evaporate back, a handkerchief will do, shirt or even leaves.  Wait for most of the water to evaporate into the clean bottle. (this might take many hours, depending on the temperature of the sun.) Carefully remove the clean bottle and you can now drink the fresh water in that bottle.

Results and discussion

Findings

          This study focuses only if it is feasible to purify water using recycled plastic bottle and the sun as the energy. According to the experiment it is possible to do just that.

           Wondering how it works? The water on other bottle will undergo the process of evaporation by the radiation of the sun, the evaporated water will be collected on the other bottle, giving you purified water.

Analysis of Data

          Since the experiment needs only to produce purified water using recycled plastic bottle and the energy of the sun, no data are collected. It needs only to describe the procedure.

Conclusions

          By doing this simple procedure using recycled materials and renewable source of energy, we can purify water with less or no cost at all. It is also proven to be safe for human consumption, since evaporation using the radiation of the sun, is somewhat similar to boiling water in fire, the only difference is the quantity and the length of time.

Recommendations

          According to WHO director, 2.5 million people die from drinking unsafe water every year. A total of 3.4 million people. mostly children, die every year from water-related diseases from drinking, swimming in or washing clothes in polluted water.

          This simple, basic and DIY (Do-It-Yourself) water purification will help benefit the people in an area where safe drinking water is scarce. Since this method is highly reliable, and proven to work around the world. We can educate people in rural areas to use this method.

          Further research on using this in a larger scale is needed, this method also is even more effective when the bottom half of the bottle is painted black or place on the roof with corrugated iron painted also with black help absorb more heat of the sun.

          * Be careful with what you put on the dirty bottle, since on one site I visited, the food coloring they put on the water seems to be collected also on the evaporation.

Bibliography

http://www.recyclingpoint.com.sg/Articles/23Mar2001Sun_soda_bottles.htm

http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/sepp/2006/03/24/lowtech_solar_water_purification_it_works.htm
 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CB3s9Qa8hn0&feature=PlayList&p=E228F96167487340&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=10



Investigatory Project #1

How To Make An Investigatory Project

   
Sample Format:


• Abstract

After finishing the research and experimentation, you are required to write a (maximum) 250-word, one-page abstract. An abstract includes the a) purpose of the experiment, b) procedures used, c) data and d) conclusions. It also includes any possible research applications. The abstract should focus on work done since the last fair.

• Research Paper

A research paper should be prepared and available along with a project data book, and any necessary forms or relevant written materials. A research paper helps organize data as well as thoughts. A good paper includes the following sections:

1. Title page - title of the project must be brief, simple and catchy

2. Statement of problems/objectives - the nature & scope of the problem should be presented with clarity. Two types of objectives may stated:

          1. General Objective - this is related to the problem as given in the early part of the section

          2. Specific Objective - this states the purpose of each experiment conducted.

3. Methodology - provides enough details so that a competent worker can repeat the experiments

          1. Materials/Equipment - the exact technical specifications, quantities and source of method of preparation for all materials used should be given. Specifically, built equipment used in the study must be described and the description accompanied by a picture

          2. Treatment/General Procedure - the manner & sequence by which each experiment or set of observations were done & how measurements were obtained should be described in detail. Avoid using the "recipe style" when stating the step-by-step procedure. Use the narrative form in the past tense.

4. Results and discussion - this may be divided into sub-sections describing each set of experiment or observations.

          1. Findings - the data maybe presented in full & discussed descriptively in the test or these maybe summarized in tables, pictures & graphs. The statistical test used to determine the possible significance of the finding should be described. Tables, pictures & graphs should make the presentation of the data more meaningful.

           2. Analysis of Data - the interpretation of the findings are discussed & the significant features shown in the tables, figures or graphs are pointed out.

5. Conclusions - the general truth implied or illustrated by the results should be clearly stated. The evidence based on the results should be summarized for each statement.

6. Recommendations - consists of suggestions on future actions such as a new direction of research or further experiments to be performed, practices that might be adapted or discard in order to attain certain goals or objectives.

7. Bibliography - a list of the references used in guiding the research work and writing and paper.

• Visual Display

You want to attract and inform. Make it easy for interested spectators and judges to assess your study and the results you have obtained. Make the most of your space using clear and concise display.

(Source: Department of Science and Technology)

Example of Investigatory Project : (Click the title to view the file.)


Purify Water Using Recycled Plastic Bottle and the Sun.

Note: this is created by the author of the site, just an example of the said investigatory project.  If in any case you wish to use this as your I.P. please ask for permission, there's no harm in doing that. thanks.

Investigatory Project created by OMNC-CEP student.

Aloe Vera Extract As Hair Grower and Sampaguita as Fragrant.

Bignay as Cure for Urinary Track Infection

Natural Dyes from Plants in Producing Colored Paste


List of Title of Investigatory Project.

Investigatory Project Title



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